Demographic traits in western Europe facilitated this “colonization.” The settlers—assured of non-public flexibility, preset rents, and a few evaluate of self-administration and running underneath the so-referred to as German Legislation—Launched new villages and cities or reorganized aged kinds. Cities received formal charters (Wrocław in 1242, Poznań in 1253, Kraków in https://polawede.tumblr.com/