The article defines axial force as the tensile force generated in a bolt when it is tightened, which helps prevent parts from separating. It also explains the calculation of axial force using the formula F = T k ⋅ d F= k⋅d T ​ , emphasizing the importance of managing this force to ensure the integrity of mechanical assemblies. https://www.cnclathing.com/guide/what-is-axial-force-axial-force-definition-diagram-formula-equation-how-to-calculate